More than half of the most long term deprived areas in the UK are in Scotland.
The 18-month study examined 120,000 neighbourhoods and was one of the biggest ever into British deprivation.
Alarmingly, 59 of the worst-hit 100 housing estates for poverty and inequality were discovered in Scotland.
The survey, which looked at census figures between 1971 and 2011, also found that 47 of the 100 poorest areas in that period were all in Glasgow which also had the ten most deprived districts in Britain.
The study was carried out by a team led by Professor Chris Lloyd at Liverpool University.
They used information on the number of unemployed people, the number of overcrowded households and the number of cars per household in each ward.
Of the 23 worst areas in Britain, 20 were in Glasgow and one each in Greenock, Rutherglen, near Glasgow, and Paisley.
Other neighbourhoods in the worst 100 estates were Craigmillar, Pilton and Granton in Edinburgh and parts of Cumbernauld and Motherwell.
The Castle ward area of Stirling, which includes the Raploch esate, was also included along with a housing estate near the centre of Inverness.
According to the Liverpool research the most deprived area in the UK in the last 40 years was the Canal ward in Glasgow.
It includes Possilpark, Milton, and Ruchill districts and takes its name from the Forth and Clyde Canal that goes through the district. The council ward which featured most often in the research was Calton in the east end of Glasgow which includes Bridgeton and Dalmarnock communities.
Calton had six of the 100 most deprived parts of Britain.
Easterhouse, Pollok, and Springburn also featured in the worst hit 100 areas in Britain.
https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/shock-figures-reveal-over-half-12916659
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