Our Day is Dawning

 Everybody wants peace, everybody professes to be a lover of peace, everybody cries for peace and the more we hear of it, the more we see peace endangered. But if, as is true, men and women of all parties hate war and are sincerely anxious to prevent it, why cannot we all get together for that purpose? The sincere desire for peace shown by the capitalist parties is nullified by their overriding will to maintain the capitalist system of society.

The capitalist drive towards war is assuming irresistible dimensions. Elaborate preparations, hidden and open, are being made for a possible expansion of the Russian-Ukrainian war, a new showdown between NATO and Russia. Diplomatic meetings are going on in every country in Europe. Desperately the capitalists are attempting to find some way out of the impasse in which they have landed. To the workers, we say: your enemy is not the workers in other lands; it is the capitalist class at home. There is only one way to prevent war and if it breaks out to end it, namely, by the overthrow of capitalism, the real root from which war springs. The widespread hope of the people for an end to war after the present slaughter is doomed to disappointment.

The solidarity of the working class finds no limits in the frontiers of the different countries that were erected in previous centuries. The more the working-class of any country becomes politically independent of the other classes, the more it becomes conscious of its international solidarity, the more it discards and combats every sort of national hostility, the more it becomes the determined champion of peace in the world.

Not solidarity but competition is therefore the principle on which is based the capitalistic spirit. The more capitalism develops, the keener the competition among capitalists, the more exasperated their struggle for profit, the more they hate each other and fight against each other with all the means at their disposal. The keener the competition of the different nations on the universal market, the more bitter their animosity towards each other, the greater their mutual distrust, their mutual hostility. This growing distrust and hostility are not due to some peculiar malice or wickedness of some person or nation; it is found in every capitalistic nation and is the natural outcome of growing capitalism. It must grow in the ruling classes as long as capitalism is growing, and so it must endanger the peace of the world to an ever-increasing degree. If it does not lead to war it leads to growing armaments that become an intolerable burden for the nations, as intolerable and pernicious in the long run as war itself and ultimately leading to war.

Growing distrust and hostility among nations, tend to make war more pernicious for capitalism itself. The capitalist class does not mind destruction and bloodshed if it gains by them, as it has shown by many commercial and colonial wars of the past centuries. The British capitalists have money enough to throw against bloodstained Putin, but none for the starving unemployed of their own nation. So the capitalist would not mind war were there anything to be gained by it. But today capital has much more to lose than to pain by war, it endangers by it the very foundations of its own existence.

The more capitalism develops, the more complicated a piece of machinery it becomes, machinery, extending over the whole world, with innumerable wheels, that are moving one another and in which the stopping of one stops all the rest. And at the same time, as we have seen, the growing hostility among nations tends to the forming of alliances among them, alliances not for the purpose of peace but of war, alliances that will not make peace universal, but war universal.  Never was universal peace more necessary to it than today, and never has war tended more to be universal than today.

We, socialists, hold in contempt the contemptible “patriotism” inculcated in the minds of workers by their unscrupulous masters which have poisoned the minds and hearts of millions of victims of the war. It is “patriotism” of the workers of one nation to fall upon and kill the workers of another nation to enlarge the possessions of their masters and increase their piles of riches, and as long as the poor, deluded toiling workers are fooled by “patriotism,” they will serve as cannon fodder and no power on earth can save them from their fate.

Choose Peace

 

The cause of war today is capitalism; the line-up in war is forced on the countries concerned by their interests as capitalist competitors for wealth and trade. The factors that cause wars determine also how the warring governments shall group themselves, these factors are indivisible.

The battle has already begun in earnest—on the soil of a country, Ukraine. Towns are bombed, villages entirely destroyed, the civil populations, the aged and the sick, have to drag themselves from their homesteads and flee from the combatants in frantic endeavour to save their lives. This terror cannot be imagined, it can only be experienced. What will come next ? Will total war spread to neighbouring countries? The decision rests with the class into whose keeping the workers have foolishly given their destiny. Whichever side makes the next move we are certain of one fact: that it will not be decided in the interests of the workers. In the opinion of our rulers, we were born to work and to suffer. It is an opinion which only a growing movement for socialism can change.

Real progress can only be assured through the growing understanding of working-class people in all lands, an understanding of the world and the social forces that make it what it is to-day. Socialist campaigning plays a most important part in that mental awakening. History calls upon the working class to take the initiative. We of the Socialist Party accept our share of that responsibility. Our work will go on. In our estimation the difference between the two rival oligarchies and the interests behind them are not worth the loss of a single  life. This war is basically a struggle between capitalists vying to extend their influence and control. The world is divided into an owning class and a dispossessed class, the capitalist class and the working class.

While working peoples should enjoy autonomy in social and cultural life, the world has become so closely knit that national sovereignty must be subordinated to international unity. The removal of the economic causes of war by whole-hearted recognition that the abundant resources of the earth make the struggle for markets and raw materials unnecessary, and the establishment of an international economic organisation for the distribution of the world’s resources according to the needs of all peoples.

 

It is the harsh reality that  that the problem of peace and war is one for the capitalist class. Socialists cannot even remotely affect the issue. It is sheer moonshine to talk of a “socialist peace” in a world where there is a non-socialist working class. More, it is fantastic delusion. In whatever way peace will come it will certainly not be a socialist peace. Socialists can only continue to express their opposition to war.And war is only one of the social problems thrown up by capitalism . Only our political party in this country able to apply a revolutionary approach to the problems of capitalism, because it is the Socialist Party.

The claims of anti-war pacifists are Utopian, because they are based upon misunderstandings of the capitalist system. Like all other reformers who have preceded them, the pacifist movements  are attempting to achieve the impossible : they want to retain capitalism, but wish to eliminate the evils it engenders. Reformers of one school or another have, for generations, been trying to realise that happy state of affairs. With what result? The development of capitalism proceeds unhindered and defeats their efforts every time: wars, degrading poverty, malnutrition, environmental destruction and countless other evils inseparable from capitalism are still with us. 

Capitalism cannot be adapted and made to function for the benefit of the mass of the population. Socialists are opposed to the parasitic capitalist class living off the sweat and blood  of the workers.

The socialist solution for the world’s ills is a simple one, but it needs the cooperation of the majority.

In a socialist society, all will co-operate to produce and distribute the things man needs. In return, every member will have free access to the means of life.

Poverty will not exist, because we shall have production for use only, and modern technique assures us of a gigantic output of goods.

Unemployment nor over-work will not exist, because all those who are physically and mentally able will assist in production.

Wars will cease, because there will be no rivalries for markets. Goods will be made solely for use, not for profit. National boundaries will become meaningless, since the workers of all lands will be co-operating to satisfy each other’s needs. Their interests will be identical. The effort that is now put into the manufacture of armaments will, under Socialism, be directed to the providing of the things all can enjoy.

 

The armed forces, being unnecessary in socialist society, its members will give their energies to production.

 

Obviously, the standard of living of the workers would be greatly increased by the introduction of socialism, and would go on increasing with each new invention and improved process of production.

It is up to you, then, fellow worker. Are you going to organise for socialism?

What For?

 

The media headlines all tell the same tale: the “horror” of the invasion; the atrocities of the Russians and the outraged feelings of decent civilised nations. Experts and intellectuals tell us a victory for Ukraine will a victory in the war for democracy. Yet the same news outlets talk of the closing down of television channels and the banning of political parties.

War is inseparable from the capitalist system. Witness the failure of all the so-called international conferences to settle the disputes among the nations. Not only has diplomacy ended in fiasco, but they have actually led to increased tensions that have rendered the capitalist world asunder. War means squandering of wealth; it means devastation of provinces and countries and death for a great many people. Now working people in neighbouring nations live in an atmosphere of imminent war. All national policies are now directed towards the preparation for war. Military budgets are increased to acquire deadlier weaponry. Armies and air forces are modernised.

The Socialist Party declares we will no longer fight in the interests and in the wars of capitalism. Even when war is covered with patriotic and nationalistic speeches war remains always unjustified and hated. Every day we see more and more clearly the destructive consequences of the wars.

In the past, war was usually the business of the elite of the population, the nobles and knights. Normally, the majority not only took no part in the fighting but, in point of fact, their lives were very little affected, even indirectly, by the conduct and outcome of wars and battles.  Often wars were conducted by hired-out mercenary armies. The question of who won the war was of hardly any concern to the average serf. His duties and obligations were the same whether Baron X or  Duke Y prevailed on the battlefield.

Today, everything is changed. It is the privileged class who are unaffected by warfare, retiring to rural retreats or safe foreign resorts. Now, directly or indirectly, every working person is part of the war machine. Not only are workers conscripted into military service, as civilians they have become targets in a strategy of inflicting terror tactics. Sanctions and sieges are applied to starve populations into submission.

Experience has already shown that the people can be, and probably have been, dragged into wars against their will. Certainly, they are subjected to campaigns of propaganda and indoctrination, fed nationalistic and patriotic messages. And soon they begin to believe the war is their fight.

When oligarchs quarrel, it is the people who receive the blows.

Against War, For The Social Revolution

 

“The people of every nation are being deluded by their rulers, who say to them, "You, who are governed by us, are all in danger of being conquered by other nations; we are watching over your welfare and safety, and consequently we demand of you annually some millions of rubles—the fruit of your labor—to be used by us in the acquisition of arms, cannon, powder, and ships for your defense; we also demand that you yourselves shall enter institutions, organized by us, where you will become senseless particles of a huge machine—the army—which will be under our absolute control. On entering this army you will cease to be men with wills of your own; you will simply do what we require of you. But what we wish, above all else, is to exercise dominion; the means by which we dominate is killing, therefore we will instruct you to kill." - Tolstoy

Our ideas must be clear on the question of war. In whose interests is this war being fought? For what ends is this war being fought? Is the continuance of this war in the interests of the working people? These questions must be faced. It is not the oligarchs, the instigators of the war, who pay for war with their lives and their fortunes. It is with the casualties of the workers, with the hardships and privations of their homes and their families in the warring countries. The workers have no interest to be the tools and pawns of their billionaire rulers. 

This war is not a war for democracy against fascism. Why has Yerenskyy banned all political parties that dissent from his policies? And permit the Banderites to prosper. It is not a war for the liberties of sovereign nations. It is not a war for the defence of peace against aggression. These phrases are the hypocrisy and deception imposed upon working people. This war is a fight between the rival powers over profits and world domination. This war will bring only great suffering and boundless misery to millions of working-class homes. We are told that this is a war in defence of peace against aggression and that therefore all defenders of peace and collective security should support it. There never was a bigger lie. Why did they oppose the idea of the neutral Ukraine which could have prevented aggression? This is a war to which no worker in any country can give support.

To those of us who still retain an irreconcilable hostility towards war, it has been a bitter experience to see the unanimity of public opinion have thrown their support for the Ukrainian government. The war is in the interests of democracy is the sum of their understanding. Former humanitarians now muster under the banner of the war-mongers. In order to be opposed to war, one must be opposed to capitalism, since modern wars belong among this system’s conditions of existence. The enemy is world capitalism. 

We are taking sides in this conflict, but it’s the third side. It’s the side of the workers, against the owning class that exploits them now, as well as against the owning class that wants to exploit them. War takes a heavy toll on us. We condemn this war crime against humanity and mourn those who perished. We want justice for the dead and safety for the living.  Our war is against the capitalists in our country, a class struggle. The armament industry shares on the stock markets wobble at every peace move and become buoyant at the prospects of continuing war. War is only in the interests of the handful of sharks and vultures who are drawing millions of profits out of the necessities of the people and out of the lavish feast of State spending on weaponry.  It is only in the interests of the ruling few.

We know that the principal victims of military action will be the sons and daughters of working-class families who serve in the military forces and innocent civilians who have already suffered so much.

We have no quarrel with the ordinary working-class men, women and children of Ukraine, Russia, or any other country. The continuance of this war is not in the interests of the common people. For the people, it brings only limitless hardships—not in any ideal cause, not in their own cause, but only in the cause of a quarrel of rival exploiters. The interests of the people demand the speediest termination of this war.

Let us make our voice heard—the voice of those who do not want this war. This demand for the speedy termination of the war is not coming from friends of  Putin or Zerenskyy. On the contrary, they are coming from those who through all these years have opposed autocrats and dictators in all countries. 

But what about peace terms, the question is asked? The first task is for the end of the war.  The Socialist Party is under no illusions as to the character of any peace under the conditions of capitalism. Any peace under the conditions of the capitalist system is unstable, full of injustices and full of sources of future conflict. We know that just permanent peace can only be finally realised when the power of the capitalist class is broken and is replaced by the power of the working people, by socialism. When we call for the immediate ending of the present war, we call for this final aim. Our aim is the cooperation of the free peoples in the building of a new world order which shall maintain peace against aggression from any quarter, make possible extending disarmament and prepare the way for the most rapid advance to world socialism.

When we fight for the immediate ending of the war, it is in order to carry forward our struggle for these aims. The struggle of the people needs to be directed against these real enemies of the people—against their war, against their gambling with the people’s lives, against their plundering of the people, against their whole system of privilege, hypocrisy and exploitation.

AID FOR THE NEEDY, NOT THE GREEDY

NOT PEOPLE AGAINST PEOPLE, BUT CLASS AGAINST CLASS.

MARX ON CO-OPS

 (a) We acknowledge the cooperative movement as one of the transforming forces of the present society based upon class antagonism. Its great merit is to practically show, that the present pauperising and despotic system of the subordination of labour to. capital can be superseded by the republican and beneficent system of the association of free and equal producers

(b) Restricted, however, to the dwarfish forms into which individual wage slaves can elaborate it by their private efforts, the cooperative system will never transform capitalistic society. To convert social production into one large and harmonious system of free and cooperative labour general social changes are wanted, changes of the general conditions of society, never to be realised save by the transfer of the organised forces of society, viz., the state power, from capitalists and landlords to the producers themselves.

(c) We recommend to the working men to embark on cooperative production rather than in cooperative stores. The latter touch but the surface of the present economical system, the former attacks its groundwork.

(d) We recommend to all cooperative societies to convert one part of their joint income into a fund for propagating their principles by example as well as by precept, in other words, by promoting the establishment of new cooperative fabrics, as well as by teaching and preaching.

(e) In order to prevent cooperative societies from degenerating into ordinary middle-class joint-stock companies (societies par actions), all workers employed, whether shareholders or not, ought to share-alike. As a mere temporary expedient, we are willing to allow shareholders a low rate of interest.- Marx Inaugural Address of the I.W.M.A.

He was indeed sympathetic to the cooperative model.

Apart from the above he previously wrote in 1864:
‘The value of these great social experiments cannot be overrated. By deed instead of by argument, they have shown that production on a large scale, and in accord with the behests of modern science, maybe carried on without the existence of a class of masters employing a class of hands...’

And later in Volume 3 of Capital Marx argued of co-operatives that ‘the antithesis between capital and labour is overcome within them, if at first only by way of making the associated labourers into their own capitalist, i.e., by enabling them to use the means of production for the employment of their own labour.'

However, in each case, Marx also described the limitations of co-operatives NOT advocating them as solutions.

‘...however... excellent in principle and however useful in practice, co-operative labour, if kept within the narrow circle of the casual efforts of private workmen, will never be able to arrest the growth in geometrical progression of monopoly, to free the masses, nor even to perceptibly lighten the burden of their miseries. … To save the industrious masses, co-operative labour ought to be developed to national dimensions, and, consequently, to be fostered by national means. Yet the lords of the land and the lords of capital will always use their political privileges for the defence and perpetuation of their economic monopolies. So far from promoting, they will continue to lay every possible impediment in the way of the emancipation of labour…To conquer political power has, therefore, become the great duty of the working classes.’ (IWMA 1864)

‘Restricted, however, to the dwarfish forms into which individual wages slaves can elaborate it by their private efforts, the co-operative system will never transform capitalist society. To convert social production into one large and harmonious system of free and co-operative labour, general social changes are wanted, changes of the general conditions of society, never to be realised save by the transfer of the organised forces of society, viz., the state power, from capitalists and landlords to the producers themselves.’ (IWMA 1866)

‘The co-operative factories of the labourers themselves represent within the old form the first sprouts of the new, although they naturally reproduce, and must reproduce, everywhere in their actual organisation all the shortcomings of the prevailing system’ (Capital, Vol.3)

Marx was saying that workers taking control of their own productive work processes, of organising co-operatively in firms, appeared to be a positive reaction on the part of workers to private capitalism. As such it was a source of growing confidence for the working class, proof that the historically progressive role of private capitalists had come to an end:

‘Co-operative factories furnish proof that the capitalist has become no less redundant as a functionary in production as he himself, looking down from his high perch, finds the big landowner redundant.’ (Capital, Vol. 3)