Upholding the common well-being, via socialism, is the only
way to create a sustainable future that ends deprivation and insecurity. Capitalism
has failed to provide the basic needs of society; even the “social welfare”
state only manages to mitigate capitalist greed and corruption.
The most cited objection to socialism is incentive.
Capitalism argues that without money to motivate, there is no reason to go to
work. Under capitalism, it is insecurity that motivates people to go to work.
Eliminate insecurity and the result is that incentive for worth-while work
increases. The benefits of work itself – human interaction and social
recognition for one’s contribution provide incentive to go to work. the
incentive for turning up to work is to receive social advantages, such as
meeting potential partners for dating/marriage, friends with whom to go out for
meals/drinks and the gratification of social admiration for having performed to
a high standard and being recognised formally as having done so. Would most
people decide not to go to work and sit idly in front of a television if all
their basic needs were provided for?
Socialists argue that
the human urge for activity motivates one to contribute to society in one’s
best capacity if only one is provided dignity and the means to pursue one’s
full potential. Some might counter that people lose their “free time” when
going to work, and should therefore not have the full burden of supporting
those who choose not work, but the human compulsion to fill the hours with more
than idle tasks – the boredom that comes of doing nothing – motivates one to do
work if only there is more to it than a means to mere survival. The
compensation comes in the knowledge that one’s contribution is valued for the
work itself and all the social benefits that come from the recognition of one’s
contribution. There is bound to be a small population of people who seem
comfortable with doing nothing, but these people should be treated as having a
psychological problem and referred to a doctor or psychologist, not threatened
with a withholding of free access to the common larder. In socialism everyone
has the opportunity to perform to their highest potential and formal
acknowledgment of one’s work contribution – as opposed to cash in the bank for
status – satisfies the craving for professional accomplishment. The Marxist
phrase “from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”
is not merely an ideological argument, as if truly exercised, life satisfaction
is a standard, as opposed to merely an ideal.
What does the slogan “Right to Work” really mean ? To the
average trade unionist it is probably the "right" to have a job and
the pay packet that goes with it. In other words, it should be more accurately
called "The Right to Employment" or "The Right to Work for
Wages"
The Right to Work is a completely unrealistic demand and amounts to demanding that employers abandon
the profit motive and operate their system on some other principle. But they
could not do this even if they wanted to, since what they can do is limited by
the working of capitalism's market forces. Nor could they be forced to do it
even by the most militant trade union or political action. If pressed too far,
they would merely shut up shop. The stark fact is that capitalism creates, and
needs to create, rising unemployment from time to time.
The Right to Work for Wages, in our view, is demanding the
Right To Be Exploited. It involves accepting capitalism and its wages system.
The employer/employee relationship is based on exploitation since, if the
employer is to make a profit, the wages he pays his employees must be less than
the value of what they produce. The system of employment for wages shows that
human brain and muscle power has become a mere commodity, to be bought and sold
like some object. It signifies that those who actually produce the wealth of
society are excluded from ownership and control of the means of production and
so have no choice but to operate them for the employers on the employers' terms
— and at the employers' convenience. The wage packet is in fact a badge of
slavery.
No, socialists don't want the Right to Work. It would be
more accurate to say that we want its opposite, the Right To Be Lazy. This
isn't as way-out as might seem. Just think of developments in technology over
the past hundred or so years, developments which are still going on, and you will see that the
bulk of the hard grind of production is now done, and could be done even more,
by machines. Automation and new technology could now relieve human beings of
the burden of boring toil. Nobody need do a job he or she doesn't like doing.
The set working day could be reduced to two or three hours, freeing people to
engage in the activities of their choice, including even producing useful
things. This will never happen as long as the means of production are the
property of a minority. It could only happen in a society where the factories,
farms and other places where wealth is produced are commonly owned by all the
people. There would then be no employers, nor wage-earners. Instead everybody
would be an equal member of a free community organised to produce an abundance
of good-quality consumer goods for people to take freely according to their
needs.
As already been pointed so long as it is enjoyable, work is
a natural human activity, not to say need and so talk of the Right To Be Lazy can be
misleading. But although men will always work, there is no reason for it take
the form of boring toil. It could and should be interesting and so become like
some of today's leisure-time activities — done for the fun of it. To convert
work from boring toil to creative activity is now possible. The ethic of hard
work — necessary perhaps in the past to build up the means of production to the
point where they can now turn out abundance — is outdated, and worse: it helps
to keep capitalism going.
Other critics of socialism ask "Who is going to do the
dirty work?" The lowliness or nastiness of a job are subjective estimates
. A doctor or nurse, for example, or a public health inspector, have to do some
things which would disgust the most unskilled casual labourer who did not see
these actions in their social context. Yet the status and prestige of such
people is generally high. Above all, it is the prestige of the working group
and his or her position in it which will influence the worker's attitude to
such jobs. If the prestige of the group is high and he or she is satisfied in his membership of it,
the type of work that has to be done
becomes a minor consideration.
Again as stated, ordinarily men and women like their work,
and at most periods of history always have done so. When they do not like it,
the fault lies in the psychological and social conditions of the job rather
than in the worker. Furthermore, work is a social activity . . . Even when
their security and that of their children is assured, they continue to labour.
Obviously this is so because the rewards they get from their work are social,
such as respect and admiration from their fellow-men.
We can estimate that at least half of all the workers
running the capitalist system would be redundant in a sane society where work
would be organised economically solely for the needs of the community. This
means that, including the present millions who are unemployed, socialism would
more than double the numbers of people available to do useful work. Also, these
vastly increased numbers would be free to use and further develop the most
advanced techniques of production. All this would add up to a huge increase in
our powers of production. The priority would be to ensure that every person is
comfortably housed and supplied with good quality food of their choice. The
construction of a safe world energy system would be another urgent project. The
present great differences in the world distribution of machinery, plant and
up-to-date production methods would need to be evened out. But with an adequate
structure of production in place we can anticipate that in socialism, we would
soon be in a position to relax in the necessary work of providing for needs. The
idea of producing enough for the community and then relaxing to enjoy many
other kinds of activity which may interest people is impossible under a
capitalist system.
